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Major problems, because of which the following chronologies deviate, are e.g. the chronology of the end of the Stone Age. The important and only major Cretan Neolithic settlement on the Kephala Hill was largely destroyed by the overbuilding with the palaces of Knossos. Determining the Old and Middle Stone Ages is even more difficult, but has no bearing on later chronologies.

Another problem is the geographically different assignment of artifacts to time periods, for example, due to the different rates of spread of cultural achievements. Archaeologists often prefer to use relative chronologies (such as Middle Minoan IIA) to date their finds rather than absolute year numbers for the very reason of the disputed or unresolved absolute chronology.

For the sake of completeness, we prefix the list with the chronology of the Stone Age on Crete.

The Minoan Bronze Age

  • Spratt, Thomas Abel Brimage (1865) – Travels and researches in Crete – Vol I & II
  • Evans, Sir Arthur J. (1921-35): The Palace of Minos
  • Graham, James Walter (1962): The Palaces of Crete
  • Platon, Nikolaos (1971): Zakros: The Discovery of a Lost Palace of Ancient Crete
  • Yves Duhoux, Le Disque de Phaestos (1977)
  • Cotterell, Arthur (1979) – The Minoan World
  • Yves Duhoux, “L’écriture et le texte du disque de Phaistos”, in: Pepragmena tou 4. Diethnous Krètologikou Synedriou (1980-1981), pp. 112-136.
  • Higgins, Reynold (1981): Minoan and Mycenaean Art
  • Graham, James W. (1987): The Palaces of Crete (revised)
  • Castledon, Rodney (1989): The Knossos Labyrinth
  • Castledon, Rodney (1990): The Minoans: Life in the Bronze Age
  • Weingarten, Judith (1991): The Transformation of Egyptian Taweret into the Minoan Genius. A Study in Cultural Transmission in the Middle Bronze Age
  • Broodbank, C. and Strasser, T. (1991) – Migrant farmers and the Neolithic colonization of Crete
  • Michailidou, Anna (1992) Knossos: A Complete Guide to the Palace of Minos
  • Marinatos, Nanno (1993): Minoan Religion
  • Dickenson, Oliver (1994): The Aegean Bronze Age
  • Fitton, J. Lesley (1995): The Discovery of the Greek Bronze Age
  • Driessen, J. and Macdonald, C. F. (1997). The Troubled Island: Minoan Crete before and after the Santorini Eruption, Université de Liège, Liège, and University of Texas, Austin
  • Hägg, R. (1997): The Function of the „Minoan Villa” (Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium at the Swedish Institute at Athens in June 1992)
  • Preziosi, Donald & Hitchcock, Louise (1999): Aegean Art and Architecture
  • Nowicki, Krzysztof (1999) – Final Neolithic refugees or Early Bronze Age newcomers? The problem of defensible sites in Crete in the late fourth millennium B.C., in: P. P. Betancourt – V. Karageorghis – R. Lafineur – W.-D. Niemeier (eds.), Meletemata. Studies in Aegean Archaeology, Aegaeum 20 (Liège 1999), p. 575–581.
  • Nardo, Don (Hg.) (2001): The Complete History of Ancient Greece
  • Fitton, J. Lesley (2002): Minoans
  • Nowicki, Krzysztof (2002) – The End of the Neolithic in Crete, Aegean Archaeology 6, p. 7–72.
  • Hitchcock, L. A. und Koudounaris, P. (2002): Virtual discourse: Arthur Evans and the reconstructions of the Minoan palace at Knossos, in Y. Hamilakis (Hg.): Labyrinth Revisited: Rethinking ‘Minoan’ Archaeology, pp. 40-58.
  • Westerburg-Eberl, Sabine (2003): „Minoische Villen“ in der Neupalastzeit auf Kreta
  • Northrup, Cynthia Clark (Hg.) (2005) – Encyclopedia of World Trade Vol. 4 – From ancient times to the present
  • Helène Whittaker, “Social and symbolic aspects of Minoan writing”, European Journal of Archaeology 8.1 (2005), pp. 29-41.
  • Panagiotopoulos, Diamantis (2005): Chronik einer Begegnung. Ägypten und die Ägäis in der Bronzezeit, in: Beck, H. u.a. (Hg.) (2005): Ägypten, Griechenland und Rom. Abwehr und Berührung, S. 34-49.
  • John Younger, “The Aegean bard: evidence for sound and song”, in: S.P. Morris and R. Laffineur (eds), EPOS: Reconsidering Greek Epic and Aegean Bronze Age Archaeology (2007), vol. 1, pp. 71-78.
  • Isaakidou, V. and P. Tomkins (Hg.) (2008): Escaping the Labyrinth: The Cretan Neolithic in Context. SSAA 8. Oxford: Oxbow.
  • Shelmerdine, Cynthia W. (Hrsg.) (2008): The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age
  • John Younger and Paul Rehak, “Minoan culture: religion, burial customs, and administration”, in: Cynthia Shelmerdine (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age (2008), pp. 165-185.
  • Nowicki, Krzysztof (2008): Monastiraki Katalimata: Excavation of a Cretan Refuge Site
  • Hendrik J. Bruins, Johannes van der Pflicht, J. Alexander MacGillivray: The Minoan Santorini eruption and tsunami deposits in Palaikastro (Crete): Dating by geology, archaeology, 14C, and Egyptian chronology. In: University of Arizona (Hrsg.): Radiocarbon. Band 51, Nr. 2. American journal of Science, 2009, ISSN 0033-8222, S. 397–411.
  • Fragkaki, Eleni (2009): A Critical Analysis of the Site and Landscape of Zakros, in the context of the Minoan palaces of Crete
  • McEnroe, John C. (2010) Architecture of Minoan Crete
  • Daniel J. Pullen (ed.), Political Economies of the Aegean Bronze Age: Papers from the Langford Conference, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 22–24 February 2007 (2010)
  • Eric Cline (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean (2010)
  • Graeber, David (2011): Debt – The First 5,000 Years
  • Molloy, Barry P.C. (2012): Martial Minoans. War as social process, practice and event in Bronze Age Crete
  • Bell, Carol (2012): The merchants of Ugarit: Oligarchs of the Late Bronze Age trade in metals?, in „Eastern Mediterranean Metallurgy in the Second Millennium BC“ (pp.180-187), hg. v. Vasiliki Kassianidou and George Papasavvas.
  • Molloy, Barry (Hg.) (2014): A Cretan Landscape through Time: Priniatikos Pyrgos and Environs
  • Papadatos, Yiannis and Tomkins, Peter (2014) – The Emergence of Trade and the Integration of Crete into the Wider Aegean in the Late 4th Millennium. New Evidence and Implications.
  • Maran, Joseph (2014): Towards an Anthropology of Religion in Minoan and Mycenaean Greece, in: Metaphysis, 15th Int. Aegaean Conference 2014, p. 581-594.
  • Nowicki, Krzysztof (2014) – Final Neolithic Crete and the Southeast Aegean
  • Broodbank, Cyprian (2015): Making of the Middle Sea: A History of the Mediterranean from the Beginning to the Emergence of the Classical World
  • Costis Davaras, Phaistos, Hagia Triada, Gortyn: Brief Illustrated Archaeological Guide (2018)
  • Brent Davis, “The Phaistos Disk: a new way of viewing the language behind the script”, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 37.4 (2018), pp. 373-410.
  • Adlung, Sebastian (2018): Die Minoischen Villen Kretas. Ein Vergleich spätbronzezeitlicher Fund- und Siedlungsplätze
  • Molloy, Barry u.a. (2020): Weapons, Warriors and Warfare in Bronze Age Europe
  • Molloy, Barry u.a. (2020): FALTERING COMPLEXITY? The Context and Character of Settlement at Priniatikos Pyrgos in Early Minoan III– Middle Minoan IA East Crete
  • Iacono u.a. (2021): Establishing the Middle Sea. The Late Bronze Age of Mediterranean Europe (1700–900 BC)

The Mycenaean Bronze Age

Late Bronze Age, Bronze Age Collapse, Trojan War and Homer

  • Homer (7. c. BCE): Ilias
  • Homer (7. c. BCE): Odyssee
  • Schliemann, Heinrich (1874): Trojanische Alterthümer
  • Cornford, Francis Macdonald (1923) – Greek Religious Thought from Homer to the Age of Alexander
  • Wood, Michael (1948): In Search of the Trojan War
  • Chadwick, John (1976): The Mycenaean world
  • Latacz, Joachim (1985): Homer. Eine Einführung
  • Tainter, Joseph A. (1988): The Collapse of Complex Societies
  • Zangger, Eberhard u.a. (1996): Searching for the Ports of Troy
  • Nowicki, Krzysztof (2000) – Defensible Sites in Crete c.1200-800 BC (LM IIIB/IIIC through Early Geometric)
  • Fowler, Robert (Hrsg.) (2004): The Cambridge Companion to Homer
  • Winkler, Martin M. (2007): Troy – From Homer’s Iliad to Hollywood Epic
  • Cline, Eric H. (2014): 1177 B.C. – The Year Civilization Collapsed
  • Latacz, Joachim (2014): Homers Ilias – Studien zu Dichter, Werk und Rezeption
  • Latacz, Joachim (2014): Fragen an Homers Achilleus (Festvortrag Ausonius-Preis)
  • Latacz, Bierl, u.a. (Hrsg.) (2015): Homer’s Iliad. The Basel commentary. Prolegomena
  • Molloy, Barry (Hg.) (2016): Of Odysseys and Oddities. Scales and modes of interaction between prehistoric Aegean societies and their neighbours
  • Mull, Jörg (2017): Mythen und Metalle – Der Trojanische Krieg, die Seevölker und der Kulturbruch am Ende der Bronzezeit
  • Olsen, Barbara A. (2020): Women in Mycenaean Greece: The Linear B Tablets from Pylos and Knossos
  • Iacono u.a. (2021): Establishing the Middle Sea. The Late Bronze Age of Mediterranean Europe (1700–900 BC)
  • Mull, Jörg (2022): Toward the Borders of the Bronze Age and Beyond – Mycenaean Long Distance Travel and its Reflection in Myth
  • Eberhard Zangger (2022) Were Mycenaeans international traders or just hitchhikers? (Rezension von Jörg Mull, 2022)
  • Molloy, Barry (2022): Was There a 3.2 ka Crisis in Europe? A Critical Comparison of Climatic, Environmental, and Archaeological Evidence for Radical Change during the Bronze Age-Iron Age Transition

Other Related Literature

  • Miller, Henry (1941): The Colossus of Maroussi
  • Fermor, Patrick Leigh (2014): Abducting a General. The Kreipe Operation and SOE in Crete

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